Content-Based Instruction

Content-based instruction (CBI) is an overarching term that refers to instructional approaches that make a dual, though not necessarily equal, commitment to additional language- and content-learning objectives. Since early developments in the second half of the twentieth century, a variety of CBI models and frameworks have been developed, implemented, and researched in a host of contexts for learners with a multiplicity of learning goals. During this time, major contributions have focused on the language- and content-learning specifications of various CBI models and frameworks, the language of academic content areas , an examination of teacher practices in CBI classrooms, and an understanding of the relationships among second language acquisition (SLA) processes and CBI curricula. More current work examines the effectiveness of various CBI models and frameworks, especially with respect to scaffolded instructional techniques and academic skill development, with particular attention paid to reading skills. In addition, current efforts document the evolution and spread of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) programs in Europe and beyond. CBI approaches, in their various configurations, are not without their challenges, which include paucity and suitability of instructional materials; language and content teacher qualifications, recruitment, and training; effectiveness of professional development and teacher collaboration; and teacher and public perceptions (and misperceptions) of CBI approaches – especially in highly politicized contexts. A call for future research in these areas as well as others arises from the implementation of CBI in a range of instructional contexts.

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Content-Based Instruction

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Notes

Submersion classes for language learners are content classes taught in a language learner’s nonnative language without instructional support for language acquisition (Lightbown 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

1. English Department, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 6032, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-6032, USA Fredricka L. Stoller
2. TAMUCC Department of English, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA Shannon Fitzsimmons-Doolan

1. Fredricka L. Stoller